TLR7/8 signalling affects X-sperm motility via the GSK3 α/β-hexokinase pathway for the efficient production of sexed dairy goat embryos

Abstract Background Goat milk is very similar to human in terms of its abundant nutrients and ease digestion. To derive greater economic benefit, farmers require more female offspring (does); however, the buck-to-doe sex ratio approximately 50%. At present, artificial insemination after separation X/Y sperm using flow cytometry primary means controlling livestock offspring. However, has not been successfully utilised for aimed at sexing control dairy goats. Results In this study, a novel, simple goat technology that activates toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8), thereby inhibiting X-sperm motility, was investigated. Our results showed TLR7/8 coding X-chromosome expressed 50% round spermatids testis sperm, as measured from cross-sections epididymis ejaculate, respectively. Importantly, located tail X-sperm. Upon activation, phosphorylated forms glycogen synthase kinase α/β (GSK3 α/β) nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were detected X-sperm, causing reduced mitochondrial activity, ATP levels, motility. High-motility Y-sperm segregated upper layer low-motility lower layer. Following vitro fertilisation TLR7/8-activated layer, 80.52 ± 6.75% embryos XX females. The subsequently used vivo embryo production via superovulatory response; nine collected uterus two does conceived. Eight these embryos, one an XY embryo. Conclusions study reveals novel signalling mechanism affects motility GSK3 α/β-hexokinase pathway; technique could be facilitate efficient sexed embryos.